As always, I want to remind everyone that I am not a medical doctor. I am not a healthcare professional of any kind. What my goal is here is to pass along relevant information from the medical community – direct from the source – with some translation into regular English.
A couple of notes before we begin
After reading medical journals and pulling information from the CDC, WHO and HHS here is some quick information that I want to help correct:
– Kids are not “immune” to Coronavirus
– Symptoms for adults with a good immune system may not be catastrophic, but the virus can still be passed along to others if said adult is carrying the virus
– The death rate for older adults – people 60 and older – is higher than any other age group (with all other factors being held equal)
Just a reminder that coronvirus can spread between people who are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet) and through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. People are thought to be most contagious when they are most symptomatic (the sickest). And the CDC notes that some spread might be possible before people show symptoms but that is still something being investigated and researched.
From the CDC
Situation in U.S.
The CDC has yet to update its numbers online, however, here is the latest as of March 7th:
U.S. COVID-19 cases include:
– Imported cases in travelers
– Cases among close contacts of a known case
– Community-acquired cases where the source of the infection is unknown.– Total cases reported by CDC: 164
— Travel-related: 36
— Person-to-person spread: 18
— Under Investigation: 110
– Total deaths: 11
– States reporting cases: 19
Also of note:
Data include both confirmed and presumptive positive cases of COVID-19 reported to CDC or tested at CDC since January 21, 2020, with the exception of testing results for persons repatriated to the United States from Wuhan, China and Japan. State and local public health departments are now testing and publicly reporting their cases. In the event of a discrepancy between CDC cases and cases reported by state and local public health officials, data reported by states should be considered the most up to date.
CDC is no longer reporting the number of persons under investigation (PUIs) that have been tested, as well as PUIs that have tested negative. Now that states are testing and reporting their own results, CDC’s numbers are not representative of all testing being done nationwide.
As of March 5, 2020 1,583 patients had been tested at CDC. This does not include testing being done at state and local public health laboratories, which began this week.
State government reports
All of the following information was pulled directly from state department of health websites. Like all of the other information posted here, this is directly from the source, not reports from other media outlets of “sources” of information. This is all directly from the states, themselves.
Nineteen states are reporting between 98 and 245 cases of the Coronavirus (this number could include some cases also reported by the CDC) as testing continues. Including 46 potential cases aboard the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship.
There are currently no cases of COVID-19 in Mississippi or Alabama.
The first case in Louisiana was confirmed: “A Jefferson Parish resident who is hospitalized in Orleans Parish, Gov. John Bel Edwards announced Monday. At this time, there is only one known case of the illness in the state.”
The West Coast shows the signs of the most infections currently.
Washington State is now reporting 102 confirmed cases and 18 deaths. Three of those cases are in children. Sixty-seven of the cases are in people older than 60 years of age.
Oregon has declared a state of emergency. The state has 14 confirmed / presumed confirmed cases with 40 more people pending results.
California noted on their official health website that there are a total of 114 positive cases and one death. Of those, 24 cases are from repatriation flights. The other 90 confirmed cases include 37 that are travel related, 23 due to person-to-person, 14 community acquired and four from unknown sources.
Utah has a single case that was reported by their official health department today. Friday, Gov. Gary R. Herbert issued an executive order declaring a state of emergency in response to the evolving outbreak of novel coronavirus.
In Texas, the Department of State Health Services is reporting 12 cases – all related to travel.
Florida has 12 total cases and two deaths. Though, there are also 302 being monitored and 115 pending results.
In New York there are 105 totals cases confirmed. No deaths reported.
New from the Department of Health and Human Services
HHS is taking part in a government-wide effort to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and will now focus specifically on products to diagnose, prevent or treat coronavirus:
The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), part of the HHS Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), issued the BAA, BAA-18-100-SOL-00003-Amendment 13, to solicit proposals for advanced development and licensure of COVID-19 diagnostics, vaccines, or medicines such as therapeutics or antivirals.
“Amid the expanding global outbreak of COVID-19, Americans need diagnostics, vaccines, and medicines to mitigate the potential impact of this virus”, said BARDA Director Rick Bright, Ph.D. “To accelerate the availability of these lifesaving tools, BARDA took an important step today to request proposals for development of COVID-19 diagnostics, vaccines, or therapeutics, many of which will be developed using existing platform technologies to permit rapid development.”
The World Health Organization raising concerns for PPE
The World Health Organization is getting concerned about another aspect of the Coronavirus – healthcare workers safety. Healthcare workers – nurses, doctors, etc – rely on things called personal protective equipment (PPE) to keep themselves in good health while surrounded by sick patients.
This helps protect the healthcare workers, and the people who come into contact with the healthcare workers.
From the WHO:
The World Health Organization has warned that severe and mounting disruption to the global supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) – caused by rising demand, panic buying, hoarding and misuse – is putting lives at risk from the new coronavirus and other infectious diseases.
But shortages are leaving doctors, nurses and other frontline workers dangerously ill-equipped to care for COVID-19 patients, due to limited access to supplies such as gloves, medical masks, respirators, goggles, face shields, gowns, and aprons.
“Without secure supply chains, the risk to healthcare workers around the world is real. Industry and governments must act quickly to boost supply, ease export restrictions and put measures in place to stop speculation and hoarding. We can’t stop COVID-19 without protecting health workers first,” said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
According to the WHO, prices for things like gloves, face masks and goggles have skyrocketed. And it isn’t like healthcare workers only need a few. The WHO estimates 89 million medical masks, 76 million pairs of gloves, and 1.6 million pairs of goggles are needed per month. Per month!
LIVE: Daily media briefing on #COVID19 with @DrTedros #coronavirus https://t.co/cN3WfNcsyd
— World Health Organization (WHO) (@WHO) March 9, 2020
The WHO has also called for additional funding to be made available for countries battling the sickness.
UN Humanitarian Chief Mark Lowcock today released US$15 million from the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) to help fund global efforts to contain the COVID-19 virus.
The announcement came as the World Health Organization (WHO) upgraded the global risk of the coronavirus outbreak to “very high” – its top level of risk assessment. The WHO has said there is still a chance of containing the virus if its chain of transmission is broken.
The sudden increases of cases in Italy, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Korea are deeply concerning. There are now cases linked to Iran in Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait and Oman, along with cases linked to Italy in Algeria, Austria, Croatia, Germany, Spain and Switzerland.
The UN funding has been released to the WHO and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). It will fund essential activities including monitoring the spread of the virus, investigating cases, and the operation of national laboratories.
The WHO has called for US$675 million to fund the fight against coronavirus. There is a window of opportunity to contain the spread of the virus if countries take robust measures to detect cases early, isolate and care for patients, and trace contacts.
What is the coronavirus & who is at risk
The coronavirus can infect anyone. but it seems to be more potent for those who are older or those who have compromised immune systems.
The virus is like every other flu virus that can infect humans in many ways, but not every way. The main difference is it is in the same realm as the SARS and MERS viruses that affected Asia and the Middle east. Research done on the virus pulled from the first few patients to contract the disease showed a more than 80-percent match with SARS in some areas and an almost 95-percent match in others.
Researchers wrote in a recent scientific paper that SARS and Coronavirus are thus related. The authors even noted that the comparability would “[imply] the two belong to same species.”
And according to medical researchers, it was believed that those diseases and this new Coronavirus, came from bats.
But those same researchers noted there were a few things they didn’t know yet:
We don’t know the transmission routine of this virus among hosts yet. It seems the virus is becoming more transmissible between human-to-human. We should closely monitor if the virus continue evolving to become more virulent. Owing to shortage of specific treatment and considering the relatedness between SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV, some drugs and pre-clinical vaccine against SARS-CoV probably can be applied to this virus.
The difference in death-rate between Coronavirus and SARS/MERS
A recent paper, published last week, by Zunyou Wu and Jennifer M. McGoogan, highlight the difference.
A total of 8096 SARS cases and 774 deaths across 29 countries were reported for an overall CFR of 9.6%. MERS is still not contained and is thus far responsible for 2494 confirmed cases and 858 deaths across 27 countries for a CFR of 34.4%. Despite much higher CFRs for SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has led to more total deaths due to the large number of cases. As of the end of February 18, 2020, China has reported 72,528 confirmed cases (98.9% of the global total) and 1870 deaths (99.8% of the global total). This translates to a current crude CFR of 2.6%.
You can read the whole article here: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762130
So, Coronavirus is 1/3rd as deadly as SARS. And Coronavirus is 1/13th as deadly as MERS. And, as one medical researcher put it on CNN the other day, as it evolves in the future, it is statistically more likely to become less deadly. Because the viruses that mutated to become more deadly will stay within the hosts that are dead, rather than continue to be passed along.
What does coronavirus do to people
The coronavirus is very contagious. And only causes symptoms of a fever and cough for most people. That may be the biggest concern for people. It seems innocuous until it is deadly. And it spreads quickly within an infected community.
Here is a snippet from a research paper from Ying Liu, Albert A Gayle, Annelies Wilder-Smith, and Joacim Rocklöv in the Journal of Travel Medicine:
[transmission] estimates for SARS have been reported to range between 2 and 5, which is within the range of the mean [transmission] for COVID-19 found in this review. Due to similarities of both pathogen and region of exposure, this is expected. On the other hand, despite the heightened public awareness and impressively strong interventional response, the COVID-19 is already more widespread than SARS, indicating it may be more transmissible
For the medical community, they are also focused on identifying the symptoms and how to resolve them.
Currently, the medical community says symptoms are fever and cough, “which frequently lead to lower respiratory tract disease with poor clinical outcomes” for people who are older or have pre-existing health conditions. And diagnosis can only be made based on the symptoms, the history of exposure, as well as chest imaging.
That means if you have a runny nose and headache, it is less likely to be coronavirus. If you have a stuffy nose and clogged up sinuses, it is less likely to be coronavirus.
And if you have not been to China or been exposed to someone who has been to China is it unlikely you have Coronavirus.
Is it spreading between humans and other animals
Right now, the medical research community thinks – like SARS – it started in bats and, perhaps, civets. But there was a paper that noted that other animals could be transmitters – but only if infected by another animal.
Yushun Wan, Jian Shang, Rachel Graham, Ralph S. Baric, and Fang Li wrote in the Journal of Virology:
Pigs, ferrets, cats and non-human primates contain largely favorable 2019-nCoV-contacting residues in their ACE2, and hence may serve as animal models or intermediate hosts for 2019-nCoV
But until an animal has been in contact with another animal with the Coronavirus, it is not going to carry the virus.
Are facemasks a good idea
This is straight from the CDC:
CDC does not recommend that people who are well wear a facemask to protect themselves from respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19. You should only wear a mask if a healthcare professional recommends it. A facemask should be used by people who have COVID-19 and are showing symptoms. This is to protect others from the risk of getting infected. The use of facemasks also is crucial for health workers and other people who are taking care of someone infected with COVID-19 in close settings (at home or in a health care facility).
Things to do right now
A lot of the talk has been about if this virus may eventually become a pandemic. That does not change – in any way – what you need to be doing now.
Right now, simply keep tabs on the news with Coronavirus. Continue to wash your hands – like you would do to combat the spread of the common cold or flu – and avoid touching your face. If you know someone who has traveled to China, monitor them for symptoms. If you know someone who has traveled to an area where other people have traveled from China, monitor them for symptoms.
And again, since the death-rate of Coronavirus is around two- to three-percent, this virus isn’t as deadly as SARS or MERS.
The other thing to do is to keep this potential outbreak in perspective. While, yes it is dangerous to those infected, and yes there is the potential that it could spread to the United States, at this time the best thing to do is remain calm and do what you would normally do to fight against the regular flu.
And the regular flu, the one that floats around all year, has sent 21,000,000 people to the doctor and – according to the CDC – is responsible for up to 46,000 deaths.
The current Coronavirus numbers in the United States are – officially – less than 300 infected people.
This this really a big problem, or is everyone making too big of a deal?
Perhaps. But I don’t have the answer to that – no one does.
This virus is new, and thus, no one has any immunity to it yet. It seems as though children can ‘handle’ the sickness better, but there is only anecdotal evidence of that, nothing that has been studied or verified by science. What has been studied is that those with a compomised immune system, or those who are older are more susceptible to this disease.
What is also concerning is that it spreads quickly. And if it spreads across this country like it has in other places, it will become a problem. A big one. If it is quarantined and the medical community does a good job at suppressing the risk, it won’t be a problem.
Only time will tell.
But it is important that you do what you can to protect yourself now, and keep up with the news.
